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Usage of 'single quotes' and 'double quotes' in Strings
By - Ko Ko - January 5, 2007 - 3:06 am

In PHP, a string is simply a group of characters.

They can contain:-

letters
ASCII characters
numbers
other variables

When you assign a string to a variable (or) echo the string out to the browser, you have to mark the start and end of the string.

The ways of doing this are:

1. Single Quotes:
echo 'Hi there';

2. Double Quotes:
echo "Hi there";

The two methods looks similar but they are slightly different. Look at the following codes:-

<html>
<head>
<title>quotes</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
      $name = "Sally";
      echo "My name is $name";
      echo "<br>";
      echo 'My name is $name';
?>

</body>
</html>

You will see that the output of above are different.

My name is Sally
My name is $name

In the first code line, a variable was put between a pair of double quote. Its value Sally was displayed by the browser

echo "My name is $name"; => My name is Sally

In the next code line, a variable was put between a pair of single quote. Its value Sally was not displayed by the browser.

echo 'My name is $name'; => My name is $name

Play around with single and double quotes with different strings and variables and observe the differences.

PHP strings မ်ားတြင္ 'single quote' ႏွင့္ 'double quote' တို႔အား အသံုး ျပဳပံု
By - Ko Ko - January 5, 2007 - 3:06 am

စာလံုး အကၡရာ အတြဲလိုက္ အစုအေဝး မ်ား ကို PHP တြင္ string ဟု ေခၚပါ သည္။

Strings မ်ားတြငိ ေအာက္ပါ တို႔ ပါဝင္ ပါသည္။

စာလံုး အကၡရာ မ်ား
ASCII သေကၤတ မ်ား
နံပါတ္ မ်ား
variables မ်ား

စာလံုး အကၡရာ အတြဲ (strings) မ်ား ကို variable တြင္ assign လုပ္ သည့္ အခါ (သို႔မဟုတ္) စာလံုး အကၡရာ အတြဲ (strings) မ်ား ကို echo သံုး၍ computer screen ေပၚတြင္ ပံုေဖၚ သည့္ အခါ တြင္ ေသၚ ၄င္း string ၏ အစ (start) ႏွင့္ အဆံုး (end) တို႔ကို မွတ္သား ေပး ရသည္။.

၄င္း အမွတ္ အသားကို single quote ( ' ) သို႔မဟုတ္ double quote ( " ) အသံုးျပဳ ေဆာင္ရြက္ သည္။

1. Single Quotes:
echo 'Hi there';

2. Double Quotes:
echo "Hi there";

အထက္ ပါ နည္းလမ္း ၂ ရပ္မွာ တူသေရာင္ ရွိ ေသၚလည္း လုပ္ေဆာင္ ပံု အ နည္းငယ္ ကြဲျပား ပါသည္။

<html>
          <head>
<title>quotes</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
      $name = "Sally";
      echo "My name is $name";
      echo "<br>";
      echo 'My name is $name';
?>

</body>
</html>

အထက္ ေဖၚျပ ပါ PHP code သည္ ေအာက္ ေဖၚျပ ပါ အတိုင္း screen ေပၚတြင္ လါေပၚ ပါမည္။ နည္းလမ္း ၂ ရပ္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ ပံု မတူ သည္ကို ေသခ်ာစြာ ေလ့လာ ပါ။

My name is Sally
My name is $name

ပထမ code လိုင္းတြင္ variable ကို double quote ႏွစ္ခု အၾကား တြင္ ထား ပါသည္။ Screen တြင္ Sally ဟူေသာ စာစု လာေပၚ ပါမည္။

echo "My name is $name"; => My name is Sally

ဒုတိယ code လိုင္းတြင္ variable ကို single quote ႏွစ္ခု အၾကား တြင္ ထား ပါသည္။ Screen တြင္ Sally ဟူေသာ စာစု မေပၚပဲ $name ဟု လာေပၚ ပါမည္။

echo 'My name is $name'; => My name is $name

Single quote ႏွင့္ double quote ကို သံုးၿပီး string မ်ား ကို အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ကစား ၾကည့္ ပါက ပိုမို နားလည္ လာပါ လိမ့္မည္။

(End of Article)

url = http://phpmyanmar.com/index.php/pphp/article/171

Show Myanmar Version

Using the function 'echo'
By - Ko Ko - December 28, 2006 - 4:18 am

No matter how complicated a program is, finally it will return an answer.

Then the programmer usually do the followings-

Save the answer to a file.
Put it on the monitor screen for the user to see.
Output it to a speaker or earphone for the user to hear.

Let us confine yourself to putting something on the screen for the user to see.

PHP use the function echo to make users see things on the screen.

There are several other functions either than echo but we will study only echo here.

The easiest way to understand something is to study a working example

Copy and paste the following codes to a notepad and save it as a file name echo_example.php in the easyphp 'www' folder.

code.1

<html>
<head>
<title>Using echo function</title>
</head>
</body>



<?php

error_reporting(E_WARNING);
//just put above line , don't ask anything
//concentrate on usage of echo


echo "Hello World ";

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


echo "This spans
multiple lines. The new lines will be
output as well";

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


echo "Escaping characters is \"Like this\".";


echo "<br>=============================<br>";


$foo = "foobar";
$bar = "barbaz";
echo "foo is $foo";//foo is foobar
echo "<br>";
echo "bar is $bar";//bar is barbaz

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// You can also use arrays
$bar1 = array("value" => "foo");
echo "this is {$bar1['value']} !";
// this is foo ;

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// Using single quotes will
// print the variable name,
// not the value
echo 'foo is $foo'; // foo is $foo

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// If you are not using any
// other characters, you can
// just echo variables

echo $foo; // foobar
echo "<br>";
echo $foo.$bar; // foobarbarbaz

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// Some people prefer passing
// multiple parameters
// over concatenation.

//with multiple parameters>
echo 'This ','string ','was ','made.';
echo "<br>";
//with concatenation
echo 'This '.'string '.'was '.'made.';

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


$foo = <<<END
This uses the "here document" syntax to
output multiple lines with $variable
interpolation. Note that the here document
terminator must appear on a line with just
a semicolon. no extra white space!
END;


echo $foo;


echo "<br>=============================<br>";


?>


</body>
</html>

Open a browser and type - http://localhost/echo_example.php - in the address bar and you will see as in figure.1

figure.1

Study 'code.1' line by line and compare with the result of the monitor screen.

When you see a bunch of codes that is working properly. hold on to it. Save it somewhere. Then make a copy and play around with the code and see what happened.

Don't try and change in a lot of places at once otherwise you won't know where you go wrong. See what type of error message PHP post back to you.

This is the best way to learn by yourself and it was and still is the way I learn PHP.

Download echo_example.zip

Using the function 'echo'
By - Ko Ko - December 28, 2006 - 4:18 am

ပရိုဂရမ္ တခုကို run လုပ္တဲ့ အခါ ဘယ္ေလာက္ ပဲ ရွုပ္ေထြး တဲ့ ပရိုဂရမ္ ျဖစ္ေန ပါေစ၊ ေနာက္ဆံုး မွာ ရလာဘ္ အေျဖ တခု ကို return ျပန္ ပို႔ေပး မွာ ျဖစ္ ပါတယ္။

ဒီအခါ မွာ programmer ဟာ ေအာက္ေဖၚျပ ပါ လုပ္ေဆာင္ ခ်က္ တခုခု ကို အမ်ား အားျဖင့္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ မွာျဖစ္ ပါတယ္။

ျပန္ရတဲ့ return ကို file အခု အေနနဲ႔ save လုပ္ျခင္း
ကြန္ပ်ဴတာ monitor screen ေပၚမွာ user ေတြ ျမင္ရေအာင္ ေရးျပျခင္း
User ေတြ ၾကားႏိုင္ ေအာင္ speaker သို႔မဟုတ္ earphone သို႔ အသံအျဖစ္ output လုပ္ေပး ျခင္း။

ေလာေလာဆည္ ေတာ့ monitor screen ေပၚမွာ user ေတြျမင္ ရေအာင္ ေရးျပ တဲ့ လုပ္ငန္း ကိုပဲ ေလ့လာၾက ရေအာင္း.

PHP ဟာ echo ဆိုတဲ့ function ကိုသံုး ၿပီး users ျမင္ရ ေအာင္ monitor screen ေပၚ မွာ ေရး ပါတယ္။

echo အျပင္ screen ေပၚမွာ ေရးခိုင္း ႏိုင္တဲ့ အျခား function ေတြ ရွိေန ေပမဲ့ ဒီမွာေတာ့ echo တခုထဲ ကို ပဲ ေလ့လာ သြားမွာ ျဖစ္ ပါတယ္။

အလြယ္ဆံုး နည္းလမ္း ကေတာ့ အမွားမရွိ ပဲ run လုပ္ႏိုင္တဲ့ working example တခု ကို ေလ့လာ ျခင္း ပါဘဲ။

ေအာက္မွာ ေဖၚျပ ထားတဲ့ code ကို copy လုပ္ၿပီး notepad တခု မွာ paste လုပ္ပါ။ ၿပီးရင္ echo_example.php ဆိုတဲ့ file name နဲ႔ 'www' folder မွာ save လုပ္ပါ။.

code.1

<html>
<head>
<title>Using echo function</title>
</head>
</body>



<?php

error_reporting(E_WARNING);
//just put above line , don't ask anything
//concentrate on usage of echo


echo "Hello World ";

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


echo "This spans
multiple lines. The new lines will be
output as well";

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


echo "Escaping characters is \"Like this\".";


echo "<br>=============================<br>";


$foo = "foobar";
$bar = "barbaz";
echo "foo is $foo";//foo is foobar
echo "<br>";
echo "bar is $bar";//bar is barbaz

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// You can also use arrays
$bar1 = array("value" => "foo");
echo "this is {$bar1['value']} !";
// this is foo ;

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// Using single quotes will
// print the variable name,
// not the value
echo 'foo is $foo'; // foo is $foo

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// If you are not using any
// other characters, you can
// just echo variables

echo $foo; // foobar
echo "<br>";
echo $foo.$bar; // foobarbarbaz

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


// Some people prefer passing
// multiple parameters
// over concatenation.

//with multiple parameters>
echo 'This ','string ','was ','made.';
echo "<br>";
//with concatenation
echo 'This '.'string '.'was '.'made.';

echo "<br>=============================<br>";


$foo = <<<END
This uses the "here document" syntax to
output multiple lines with $variable
interpolation. Note that the here document
terminator must appear on a line with just
a semicolon. no extra white space!
END;


echo $foo;


echo "<br>=============================<br>";


?>


</body>
</html>

ၿပီးရင္ browser တခု ကို ဖြင့္ၿပီး address bar မွာ http://localhost/echo_example.php လို႔ ရိုက္ ထည့္ၿပီး enter ကို ႏွိပ္ ပါက figure.1 မွာ အတိုင္း ျမင္ရ ပါ လိမ့္မယ္။

figure.1

'code.1' ကို တလိုင္း ခ်င္း ေစ့ေစ့ စပ္စပ္ monitor screen ေပၚ မွာ ေတြ႔ ရတာနဲ႔ တိုက္ ဆိုင္ ေလ့လာ ပါ။.

PHP ကို ေလ့လာ ရာမွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ နည္းလမ္း တခု ကို ေဖၚျပ ပါမယ္။

အမွား အယြင္း မရွိ run လုပ္ႏိုင္တဲ့ PHP file တခုကို ရရွိတဲ့ အခါ ပထမ ဆံုး တေနရာရာ မွာ copy တခုကို ေနာင္ လိုအပ္ ရင္ ပြားယူ လို႔ ရေအာင္ save လုပ္ ထားပါ။ ၿပီရင္ PHP codes ေတြကို ဖ်က္ၿပီး အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး run လုပ္ ၾကည့္ပါ။

အမွား ကို တမင္တကာ လုပ္ ၾကည့္ တဲ့အခါ ေနရာ ေပါင္းစံု မွာ တၿပိဳင္နက္ လုပ္ရင္ အေျဖ ရွာရ ခက္ ပါတယ္။ တေနရာ မွာ အမွား လုပ္ၾကည့္ လိုက္၊ ဘာျဖစ္ လာသလဲ ေလ့လာ။ မွန္ ေအာင္ ျပန္လုပ္ လိုက္္၊ ဆိုတဲ့ နည္းလမ္း ကို သံုးရင္ မၾကာမွီ ကၽြမ္းက်င္ လာပါ လိမ့္ မယ္။

ဒီနည္း ဟာ အရင္ ကေရာ ယခု လက္ရွိပါ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ သံုး ေနတဲ့ self learning နည္းလမ္း ျဖစ္ ပါတယ္။

Download echo_example.zip

(End of Article)

url = http://phpmyanmar.com/index.php/pphp/article/169

Show Myanmar Version

Discussion About PHP Programming
By - Ko Ko - December 17, 2006 - 8:25 pm

A discussion about PHP programming was made at a seminar held at MICT Park (an IT park) on 18th November 2006, 1400hr.

U Minn Myat Soe from NaviStar Myanmar gave an opening speech

Contributors

This seminar was organized by NaviStar Myanmar (an internet hosting company). The subject on "PHP Programming" was discussed by U Htay Win (Total Myanmar) and U Win Htein Win (Gusto Software) discussed about ASP .NET 2.0.

Attendees

About 170 interested people attended the seminar and many interesting question were asked at the end of the discussions, especially about PHP.

Organizer - NaviStar Myanmar (Professional Web Hosting & Design)

ppt slides on discussion of Php

(End of Article)

url = http://phpmyanmar.com/index.php/pphp/article/168

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How to get information of the Php installed on your server.
By - Ko Ko - May 19, 2006 - 12:30 pm

Just by writing one short line of php code, you can extract 4 or 5 pages of information about the php installed on your server.

Write the following codes in a notepad and save as "phpinfo.php" in your "www" folder.

<html>
      <head>
          <title>PhpInfo</title>
      </head>
      <body>
              <?php
                   phpinfo();
              ?>
       </body>
</html>

The word "phpinfo()" is one of the Php functions called "Php Built in Function".

Type http://localhost/phpinfo.php in your browser and click enter. The following will appears.

(End of Article)

url = http://phpmyanmar.com/index.php/pphp/article/55